Preface

Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
Asexual Reproduction | Introduction, Lifespan, Basic Features of Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction (Phases in Life Cycle, Events in Sexual Reproduction, Pre-fertilisation Events, Gametogenesis and Gamete Transfer) | Fertilisation, Post-fertilisation Events, Zygote, Embryogenesis

Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower, Pre-fertilisation Structure and Events, Stamen, Microsporangium and Pollen Grain | Pistil, Megasporangium (Ovule) and Embryo Sac | Pollination and Outbreeding Devices | Pollen–Pistil Interaction, Double Fertilisation | Post-fertilisation Structure and Events, Endosperm, Embryo, Fruit and Seeds | Apomixis and Polyembryony

Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
Male Reproductive System | Female Reproductive System | Gametogenesis | Menstrual Cycle | Fertilisation and Implantation | Pregnancy and Embryonic Development | Parturition and Lactation

Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Human Population Growth, Methods of Birth Control, Medical Termination of Pregnancy | Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infertility

Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Introduction, Inheritance of One Gene, Mendel’s Law of Inheritance – Dominance, Segregation | Explanation of Concept of Dominance, Incomplete and Codominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy, Test Cross, Lethal Gene, Inheritance of Two Genes, Law of Independent Assortment | Complementary Genes, Duplicate Genes, Epistasis, Polygenic Inheritance | Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage, Recombination, Sex Determination | Gene Mutation, Chromosomal Aberration, Genomatic Mutation, Pedigree Analysis, Genetic Disorders, Mendelian and Chromosomal Disorders, Cytoplasmic Inheritance

Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA, Structure of Polynucleotide Chain, Packaging of DNA Helix | The Search for Genetic Material (Transforming Principle, The Genetic Material is DNA, Properties of Genetic Material, RNA World) | Replication (The Experimental Proof, The Machinery and the Enzyme) | Transcription (Transcription Unit and the Gene, Types of RNA, The Process of Transcription) | Genetic Code (Mutations and Genetic Code, t-RNA, The Adapter Molecule) | Translation | Regulation of Gene Expression, The Lac Operon | Human Genome Project (HGP) | DNA Fingerprinting

Chapter 7: Evolution
Origin of Life | Evidence of Evolution, Theories of Evolution | Population Genetics, Hardy–Weinberg Principle | Origin and Evolution of Humans

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
Common Diseases in Humans | Immunity | AIDS, Cancer, Drugs and Alcohol Abuse

Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Plant Breeding | Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance, for Developing Resistance to Insects and Pests and for Improved Food Quality, Biofortification | Single-cell Protein, Tissue Culture, Green Manure, Energy Crops, Petroleum Plants | Animal Husbandry

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Introduction, Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products (Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Chemical Enzymes and Other Bioactive Molecules) | Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas | Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Microbes as Biofertiliser

Chapter 11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology | Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications
Biotechnical Applications in Agriculture | Biotechnological Applications in Medicine | Transgenic Animals | Ethical Issues

Chapter 13: Organism and Population
Introduction, Organism and its Environment, Major Abiotic Factors: Temperature, Water, Light, Soil, Responses to Abiotic Factors, Adaptations | Populations, Population Growth, Growth Models, Exponential Growth, Logistic Growth, Life History Variation | Population Interactions, Competition, Parasitism, Commensalism, Mutualism

Chapter 14: Ecosystem
Introduction, Structure and Function, Productivity, Decomposition | Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids | Ecological Succession, Nutrient Cycling, Ecosystem Services

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity (How Many Species Are There on Earth and How Many in India, Pattern of Biodiversity, Latitudinal Gradient, Species–Area Relationship) | Importance of Species (Diversity in the Ecosystem, Loss of Biodiversity, Conservation of Biodiversity)

Chapter 16: Environmental Issues
Air Pollution and its Control, Controlling Vehicular Air Pollution – A Case Study of Delhi | Water Pollution and its Control, Domestic Sewage, Industrial Effluents, Eutrophication, Case Study of Integrated Waste Water Treatment | Solid Waste, Case Study of Remedy for Plastic Waste, Agrochemicals and their Effects, Case Study of Organic Farming, Radioactive Waste | Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, Ozone Depletion in the Stratosphere, Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation and Maintenance, Deforestation, Case Study of People Participation in Conservation of Forests