Preface vii
Rhetoric
Introduction
Rhetoric: a brief history 2 | Figures of speech 13
One Figures based on analogy, agreement or similarity simile 15 | metaphor 23
Two Figures based on association metonymy 32 | synecdoche 37 | transferred
epithet (hypallage) 41 | allusion 42
Three Figures based on difference or contrast antithesis 45 | epigram 48 | oxymoron 53 | climax 56 | anticlimax and bathos 58 |
syllepsis (condensed sentence) 60 | paradox 63
Four Figures based on imagination personification 65 | prosopopoeia 71 | personal
metaphor 72 | pathetic fallacy 73 | apostrophe 77 | invocation 79 | vision 80 | hyperbole 82
Five Figures based on indirectness innuendo 89 | irony 92 | sarcasm 96 | periphrasis (circumlocution) 98 | euphemism 100 |
meiosis 101 | litotes 102
Six Figures based on emotion interrogation (erotesis) 104 | exclamation 106
Seven Figures based on construction hendiadys 109 | chiasmus 112 | ellipsis 113 | zeugma 114 | polysyndeton and asyndeton 117 | hyperbaton (inversion) 119 | anaphora
(epanaphora) 121 | epistrophe (epiphora) 122
Eight Figures based on sound alliteration, consonance and assonance 123 | pun
(paronomasia) 127 | onomatopoeia 130
Nine Miscellaneous figures tautology 132 | pleonasm 133 | prolepsis 134 | paraleipsis 135 | catachresis 136 | ornamental
epithet 137 | aposiopesis 137
Ten Exercises 139
Prosody
Introduction
Kinds of poetry 148 | Terms used in prosody 151 | Poetic diction 157
One Metrical feet, and how they ‘walk’
How metres are named 158 | How to scan verse 159 | Metres in English verse 163
Two Special cases: differently formed feet 169
Three Rhyme schemes and stanza patterns 173
Four Guided exercise: scansion of verse passages 177
Five Exercises 207
References 217