List of Images
Preface and Acknowledgements
1. Nature and Scope of Comparative Politics
Aristotle’s Contribution
Polybius: Precursor to Modern Theories of Power Sharing
Contributions of Rome
European Enlightenment and Eurocentricism
Significance of Hegel and Marx
Weber’s Contribution
French Enlightenment and Great Britain
Triumph of Liberal Individualism
Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Distinctiveness of the American Contribution
Comparative Government to Comparative Politics: Shift from Institutions to Processes
The Behavioural Revolution
Comparative Method: Advantages
Conclusion
2. Approaches: Political System, Structural Functionalism and Political Sociology
The Institutional Approach
Limitations of the Institutional Approach
Easton’s Political System (1953)
Criticism of the Concept of State
Limitations of the Power Approach
Authoritative Allocation of Values
Faults of Historicism
Idea of Political Equilibrium
What Should Political Theory do Today?
The New Revolution in Political Science
Easton’s Innovations in Systems Theory
The Framework of Structural Functionalism
Framework for Studying the Politics of Developing Countries
Conclusion
3. Approaches: New Institutionalism
Political Institutions: Search for a Theoretical Foundation
Multiculturalism and Institution Building
Dominant Schools in Political Institutionalism
Theories of Institutions: The Classical Tradition
Recent Trends
Concluding Remarks
4. Approaches: Political Economy
The Difference between the Old and the New
Political Economy and International Economics and Politics
Origins of Political Economy
Political Economy and the Scottish Enlightenment
The Marginalisation of Political Economy
Revival of Political Economy
The Nature of Political Economy
Conclusion
5. Approaches: Political Culture and Political Socialisation
Grand Theories of Culture
Impact of the Grand Theories of Culture
Notion of Civic Culture
Criticisms of Civic Culture
Subject-Participatory Culture and the Communist Variant of Political Culture
Post-materialism
Political Socialisation
Conclusion
6. Debates on the State
The State in the Modern Age
Debate on the Advanced Capitalist State
Social Democratic State
Weber’s Analysis
Fascist State
Totalitarian State
Post-colonial/Overdeveloped State
Failed/Collapsed State
Conclusion
7. Constitutionalism
Greek Heritage and Aristotle’s Classification of Constitutions
Rome’s Legacy
Age of Constitutionalism
The Federalist Papers and the US Constitution
Paine’s Rights of Man
Nineteenth Century—Bentham and J. S. Mill
Weimar Constitution
Meiji Restoration and the Making of the Japanese Constitution
Pacifist Constitutions
Plan for Pan-African Unity
Judicial Review and Conventions
Conclusion
8. Federalism
Advantages of Centralisation and Decentralisation
The Arguments for Decentralisation
Origins of Federalism
Is Federalism an Ideology?
Typology of Federal and Unitary Systems
Conclusion
9. Parliamentary and Presidential Systems of Government (with Special Reference to India)
Characteristics of a Presidential System
Characteristics of a Parliamentary System
Difference between Parliamentary and Presidential Systems of Government
Parliamentary System in India
10. Consociational Democracy and Power Sharing
Power Sharing as a Model to Cement Majority-Minority Conflict
Conclusion
11. Corporatism
Corporativist View of Representation
Modern Corporatism and the Medieval Guild System
Modern Revival
Modern Revival of Corporatism
Critique of Contemporary Industrial Society: Durkheim’s Study of Suicide
Fascism and Corporatism
12. Authoritarianism and Military Rule
Definition of Authoritarianism
Ideologies and Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism
Factors leading to Authoritarian Rule
Types of Authoritarianism
Forced Democracy
Conclusion
13. Democratic Elitism and Pluralism
Context of Theorising
Democratic Elitism
Pluralism
Polyarchy
Conclusion
14. Political Parties and Pressure Groups
The First Political Parties: Whigs and Tories in Great Britain
Development of Party System in the US
Functions of Political Parties
Pressure Groups and Political Parties
Criticisms of Political Parties
Iron Law of Oligarchy
Party Systems
Classification of Political Parties
Catch-All Party
Cadre and Mass Parties/Caucus and Mass Parties
Left and Right Parties
The Spoils System
Conclusion
15. New Social Movements
Origin of Social Movements
Factors Leading to the Consolidation of Social Movements
Types of Social Movements
Difference between Old and New Social Movements
The Scope of New Social Movements
Factors Leading to the Establishment of Social Movements
Theories of Social Movement
An Evaluation of Different Approaches
The Debate in Latin America
Criticism of Social Movements Theory
Conclusion
16. Development
Prebisch Thesis
Dependency Theory
The South Korean Experience
Sustainable Development and Environmentalism
Conclusion
17. Revolution
The Meaning of Revolution in Modern Times
Restatement of Marxist Orthodoxy
Recent Theories of Revolution: Arendt's On Revolution
Skocpol's States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China
Functionalist Accounts of Revolution
Conclusion
18. Multiculturalism
Meaning of Multiculturalism
Theories of Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism and the Communitarian Critique of Liberalism
Criticisms of Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism as Policy
Political Backlash against Multiculturalism
Conclusion
19. Women and the Political Process
Origins and Context of Feminism
Representation and its Different Perspectives
Why Women’s Representation?
Quota Law, Gender and Politics Worldwide
Different Types of Quota Laws
Women’s Representation in India
Why Women’s Reservation?
Reservation: Party-wise or State-sponsored?
Conclusion
Bibliography
References
Index