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cover

The Politics of Sanitation in India

Cities, Services and the State

Susan E. Chaplin

₹ 1205

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Imprint

Orient BlackSwan

Year of Publishing

2011

Number of pages

344

ISBN

9788125042037

Format

Hardback

Language

English

Dimensions

140 x 216 mm

Series

New Perspectives in South Asian History

View details

Imprint

Orient BlackSwan

Year of Publishing

2013

ISBN

9788125052487

Format

eBook

Language

English

Series

New Perspectives in South Asian History

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  • the Book
  • the Author(s)
  • Table of Contents
  • Experts Say

The Politics of Sanitation in India examines how the environmental problems confronting Indian cities have arisen and subsequently forced millions of people to live in illegal settlements that lack adequate sanitation, and other basic urban services. This has occurred because of two factors. The first is the legacy of the colonial city characterised by inequitable access to sanitation services, a failure to manage urban growth and the proliferation of slums, and the inadequate funding of urban governments. The second is the nature of the post-colonial state, which, instead of being an instrument for socio-economic change, has been dominated by coalitions of interests accommodated by the use of public funds to provide private goods.

The result is that the middle class has been able to monopolise what sanitation services the state has provided because the urban poor, despite their political participation, have not been able to exert sufficient pressure to force governments to effectively implement policies designed to improve their living conditions. The consequence is that public health and environmental policies have frequently become exercises in crisis intervention instead of being preventive measures which benefit the health and well-being of the whole urban population.

These issues are explored by studying the history of colonial and post-independence urban development and management in Ahmedabad, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai, and analysing why these cities have failed to provide equitable access to sanitation services for all residents.

+ Read more

Susan Chaplin is a researcher based in Melbourne, Australia, who has been interested in environmental and urban development issues in India for more than 15 years.

+ Read more
List of Tables
List of Maps
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Introduction:
The Politics of Sanitation
  1. Colonial City Legacy:
    Growth, Slums and Local Government
  2. A Failure to Manage:
    Urbanisation and Planning Since 1947
  3. Inadequate Provision:
    Urban Governance and Basic Services
  4. Living Illegally:
    Slum-Dwellers and the State
  5. A Filthy Occupation:
    Attempts to Eliminate Scavenging
  6. Ahmedabad:
    From “Enlightened Self-Interest” to Ghettos and Inequality
  7. New Approaches:
    Participation, Partnerships and the Urban Poor
  8. Conclusion:
    Globalisation and the Averted Gaze
Appendices
  1. The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992
  2. Selections from the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
+ Read more

‘. . . in highlighting the political reasons why Indian cities have appalling sanitation for the poor, Chaplin provides invaluable insights, both for puzzled observers and India's civic reformers’.

- Robin Jeffrey, Institute of South Asian Studies, Singapore

‘. . . a stimulating account of the appalling deficits in sanitation access that characterise India[n] cities. . . . This provocative and challenging book should be read widely’.

Emma Mawdsley, Department of Geography, Cambridge University

‘. . . the graph for improved sanitation climbs up ever so slowly even as India boasts of a high rate of economic growth. Chaplin’s book is an essential read for all those who wonder why this happens in India’.

Kalpana Sharma, Independent journalist and author of Rediscovering Dharavi:  Stories from Asia’s Largest Slum

+ Read more
  • the Book
  • the Author(s)
  • Table of Contents

The Politics of Sanitation in India examines how the environmental problems confronting Indian cities have arisen and subsequently forced millions of people to live in illegal settlements that lack adequate sanitation, and other basic urban services. This has occurred because of two factors. The first is the legacy of the colonial city characterised by inequitable access to sanitation services, a failure to manage urban growth and the proliferation of slums, and the inadequate funding of urban governments. The second is the nature of the post-colonial state, which, instead of being an instrument for socio-economic change, has been dominated by coalitions of interests accommodated by the use of public funds to provide private goods.

The result is that the middle class has been able to monopolise what sanitation services the state has provided because the urban poor, despite their political participation, have not been able to exert sufficient pressure to force governments to effectively implement policies designed to improve their living conditions. The consequence is that public health and environmental policies have frequently become exercises in crisis intervention instead of being preventive measures which benefit the health and well-being of the whole urban population.

These issues are explored by studying the history of colonial and post-independence urban development and management in Ahmedabad, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai, and analysing why these cities have failed to provide equitable access to sanitation services for all residents.

+ Read more

Susan Chaplin is a researcher based in Melbourne, Australia, who has been interested in environmental and urban development issues in India for more than 15 years.

+ Read more
List of Tables
List of Maps
Preface
List of Abbreviations
Introduction:
The Politics of Sanitation
  1. Colonial City Legacy:
    Growth, Slums and Local Government
  2. A Failure to Manage:
    Urbanisation and Planning Since 1947
  3. Inadequate Provision:
    Urban Governance and Basic Services
  4. Living Illegally:
    Slum-Dwellers and the State
  5. A Filthy Occupation:
    Attempts to Eliminate Scavenging
  6. Ahmedabad:
    From “Enlightened Self-Interest” to Ghettos and Inequality
  7. New Approaches:
    Participation, Partnerships and the Urban Poor
  8. Conclusion:
    Globalisation and the Averted Gaze
Appendices
  1. The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992
  2. Selections from the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
+ Read more

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