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Ananthanarayan’s Introduction to Medical Microbiology for GNM Students

Third Edition

M C Sathya Bhama

₹ 450

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Imprint	Universities Press
Year of Publishing	2023
Number of pages	212
ISBN	9789393330574
Format	Paperback
Language	English
Dimensions	180 x 240 mm
Catalogue(s)	Medical and Paramedical

the Book
the Author(s)
Table of Contents

The third edition of Introduction to Medical Microbiology for GNM Students has been written with the aim of providing concise, relevant and updated information on microbiology to nursing students so that they can fulfil their role in the Indian healthcare system. This edition has undergone a complete transformation to address the requirements of the current syllabus. The book is also intended to help in identifying opportunities for practising infection control measures in hospital and community settings. Each chapter has been updated and revised extensively. Emphasis is given to hospital-acquired infections, standard precautions, biomedical waste management and antimicrobial stewardship. Suggestions from teachers and students were also taken into consideration while preparing this edition.

The Author(s)

Dr M C Sathya Bhama completed her graduation from Government Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, and her postgraduation from Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. She has published more than ten research articles in various national and international journals. She has led numerous MD Microbiology students and MSc MLT students in their thesis work and continues to do so. She has also acted as co-guide for several PhD theses in the field of microbiology and for various clinical departments. Currently, Dr Sathya Bhama is Professor of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.

Table of Contents

PART I GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. Introduction and History

Introduction

Branches of medical microbiology

History of microbiology

Notable contributions to microbiology

Microbial classification and

nomenclature

Nurses and medical microbiology

2. Microscopy and Staining Microscopy

Optical or light microscope

Fluorescence microscope

Phase-contrast microscope

Dark-field/dark-ground microscope

Electron microscope

Differential interference contrast

microscope

Confocal scanning laser microscope

Atomic force microscope

Care of a microscope

Staining techniques

3. Morphology and Physiology of Bacteria

Introduction

Morphology

Growth and multiplication of

bacteria

4. Culture Media and Culture Methods

Culture media

Culture methods

5. Identification of Bacteria

Conventional methods

Automated culture techniques

Molecular methods

6. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing

Mechanism of action of antibiotics

Antibiotic sensitivity tests

Antimicrobial resistance

7. Infection

Classification of infection

Sources of infection

Portals of entry of infection

Manifestation of infections

Microbial factors predisposing to

infection

Portals of exit

Chain of transmission of infections

Classification of infectious diseases

8. Normal Microbial Flora of the Human Body

Normal flora of the skin

Normal flora of the nose,

nasopharynx and sinuses

Normal flora of the mouth and

upper respiratory tract

Normal flora of the gastrointestinal

tract

Normal flora of the genitourinary

tract

Bacteria in blood and tissues

Colour Images—Part I

PART II IMMUNOLOGY

9. Immunity

Innate (Native) immunity

Acquired immunity

Herd immunity

10. Antigens, Antibodies and Complement

Antigens

Antibodies

Complement

11. Antigen–Antibody Reactions

Precipitation

Agglutination

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent

assay (ELISA)

Immunofluorescence

Chemiluminescence immunoassay

(CLIA)

Immunochromatographic assay/

lateral flow assay

12. Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity

Hypersensitivity

Type I hypersensitivity

Type II hypersensitivity

Type III hypersensitivity

Type IV hypersensitivity

Autoimmunity

Autoimmune diseases

Laboratory tests to detect autoimmune disorders

Management of autoimmune disorders

13. Vaccines and Immunisation

Immunisation

Active immunisation

Passive immunisation

Combined immunisation

Immunisation schedule

The WHO’s universal immunisation programme

Vaccine storage

PART III SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY

14. Gram-Positive Cocci

Staphylococci

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Streptococci

Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus agalactiae

Enterococcus

The viridans group

Streptococcus pneumoniae

15 Gram-Negative Cocci—

Neisseria

Neisseria meningitidis

(Meningococci)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

(Gonococci)

16. Gram-Positive Bacilli

Corynebacterium

C. diphtheriae

Bacillus

Clostridium

C. tetani

C. welchii (C. perfringens)

C. botulinum

17. Gram-Negative Bacilli

Escherichia

Klebsiella

Proteus

Shigella

Salmonella

Vibrio

Pseudomonas

Haemophilus

Bordetella

B. pertussis

Brucella

18. Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Non-tuberculous (Atypical)

mycobacteria

Mycobacterium leprae

19. Spirochetes

Treponema

Borrelia

Leptospira

20. Mycoplasmas, Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae

Mycoplasmas

Mycoplasma

Ureaplasma

Chlamydiae

Rickettsiae

Coxiella

Colour Images—Part III

PART IV VIROLOGY

21. General Properties of Viruses

Characteristics of viruses

Structure of viruses

Inclusion bodies

Resistance

Viral replication

Classification of viruses

Laboratory diagnosis of viral

diseases

Prions

22. DNA Viruses

Human herpesviruses (HHV)

Herpes simplex virus

Varicella-zoster virus

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Parvovirus

23. RNA Viruses

Orthomyxoviruses

Influenza virus

Paramyxoviruses

Measles virus

Mumps virus

Nipah virus

Picornaviruses

Poliovirus

Coxsackie virus

Echoviruses

Enterovirus type 70

Rhinovirus

Arboviruses

Chikungunya virus

Yellow fever virus

West Nile virus

Japanese encephalitis virus

Dengue virus

Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD)

virus

Zika virus

Rabies virus

Human immunodeficiency virus

(HIV)

24. Hepatitis Viruses

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Hepatitis D (Delta) virus (HDV)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

25. Miscellaneous Viruses

Rubella virus

Hantavirus

Coronavirus

MERS-CoV

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

SARS-CoV-2

Viruses causing gastroenteritis

Rotavirus

Norwalk virus (Norovirus)

Adenoviruses

Astroviruses

Oncogenic viruses

PART V MYCOLOGY

26. Medical Mycology

Classification

Mycoses (Fungal infections)

Superficial mycoses

Cutaneous mycoses

Subcutaneous mycoses

Mycetoma

Chromoblastomycosis

Sporotrichosis

Rhinosporidiosis

Phaeohyphomycosis

Systemic mycoses

Coccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Blastomycosis

Histoplasmosis

Opportunistic mycoses

Candidiasis

Cryptococcosis (Torulosis)

Aspergillosis

Penicilliosis

Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)

Colour Images—Part V

PART VI PARASITOLOGY

27. Protozoa

Introduction to parasitology

Entamoeba histolytica

Free-living amoebae

Giardia lamblia

Trichomonas vaginalis

Leishmania donovani

Visceral leishmaniasis

Post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Plasmodium

28. Helminths

Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworm)

Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm)

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

Filarial worms

Taenia saginata

Taenia solium

Echinococcus granulosus (Dog tapeworm)

Schistosomes (blood flukes)

PART VII APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

29. Sterilisation and Disinfection

Sterilising agents

Physical agents

Chemical agents

Gases

Testing of

Sterilisation and disinfection in a healthcare setting

Environmental cleaning—Role of nurses

Disinfection of operation

Theatres—role of nurses

Surface disinfection

Ananthanarayan’s Introduction to Medical Microbiology for GNM Students

Third Edition

M C Sathya Bhama

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